3. Significant accounting policies
Back to the listThe accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
(a) Basis of consolidation
(i) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are those enterprises controlled by the Group. Control exists when the Group has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an enterprise so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control effectively commences until the date that control effectively ceases.
(ii) Loss of control
Upon the loss of control, the Group derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, then such interest is measured at fair value at the date that control is lost. Subsequently it is accounted for as an equity-accounted investee or as an available-forsale financial asset depending on the level of influence retained.
(iii) Acquisitions and disposals of non-controlling interests
Any difference between the consideration paid to acquire a noncontrolling interest, and the carrying amount of that non-controlling interest, is recognised in equity.
Any difference between the consideration received from disposal of a portion of a Group’s interest in the subsidiary and the carrying amount of that portion, including attributable goodwill, is recognised in equity.
(iv) Associates
Associates are those enterprises in which the Group has significant influence, but not control, over the financial and operating policies. The consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the total recognised gains and losses of associates on an equity accounted basis, from the date that significant influence effectively commences until the date that significant influence effectively ceases. When the Group’s share of losses exceeds the Group’s interest in the associate, that interest is reduced to nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has incurred obligations in respect of the associate.
(v) Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised gains arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with associates and jointly controlled enterprises are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the enterprise. Unrealised gains resulting from transactions with associates are eliminated against the investment in the associate. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains except that they are only eliminated to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
(b) Foreign currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to RUB at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to RUB at the foreign exchange rate ruling at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at historical cost are translated to RUB at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are translated to RUB at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the dates the fair values were determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognised in the profit and loss.
(c) Property, plant and equipment
(i) Owned assets
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment at the date of transition to IFRS was determined by reference to its fair value at that date (“deemed cost”) as determined by an independent appraiser.
Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located, and capitalised borrowing costs. Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalised as part of that equipment.
Where an item of property, plant and equipment comprises major components having different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.
(ii) Leased assets
Leases under which the Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Plant and equipment acquired by way of finance lease is stated at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments at inception of the lease, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
(iii) Subsequent expenditure
Expenditure incurred to replace a component of an item of property, plant and equipment that is accounted for separately, is capitalised with the carrying amount of the component being written off. Other subsequent expenditure is capitalised if future economic benefits will arise from the expenditure. All other expenditure, including repairs and maintenance expenditure, is recognised in the profit and loss as an expense as incurred.
(iv) Depreciation
Depreciation is charged to the profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets. Depreciation commences on the month following the month of acquisition or, in respect of internally constructed assets, from the month following the month an asset is completed and ready for use. Land is not depreciated.
The estimated useful lives as determined when adopting IFRS (1 January 2005) are as follows:- Buildings 12 to 17 years
- Plant and equipment 4 to 15 years
- Fixtures and fittings 3 to 6 years
Tangible fixed assets acquired after the date of adoption of IFRS, are depreciated over the following useful lives:
- Buildings 10 to 60 years
- Plant and equipment 5 to 35 years
- Fixtures and fittings 2 to 25 years
(d) Intangible assets and negative goodwill
(i) Goodwill and negative goodwill
Adoption of IFRS
The Parent Company elected not to apply the requirements of IFRS 3 Business combinations to business combinations, which took place prior to the date of adoption of IFRS. As a result, no goodwill was recognised at the date of adoption of IFRS.
(ii) Research and development
Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, is recognised in the profit and loss as an expense as incurred.
Expenditure on development activities, whereby research findings are applied to a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved products and processes, is capitalised if the product or process is technically and commercially feasible and the Group has sufficient resources to complete development. The expenditure capitalised includes the cost of materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overheads. Other development expenditure is recognised in the profit and loss as an expense as incurred. Capitalised development expenditure is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses.
(iii) Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets acquired by the Group are represented by Oracle software, which has finite useful life and is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses.
(iv) Amortisation
Intangible assets, other than goodwill, are amortised on a straightline basis over their estimated useful lives from the date the asset is available for use. The estimated useful lives are 3 — 10 years.
(e) Investments
Non-derivative financial instruments
Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, loans and borrowings, and trade and other payables.
Non-derivative financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value plus, for instruments not at fair value through profit or loss, any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition non-derivative financial instruments are measured as described below.
Held-to-maturity investments: If the Group has the positive intent and ability to hold debt instruments to maturity, then they are classified as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity investments are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses.
Available-for-sale financial assets: The Group’s investments in equity securities and certain debt securities are classified as available-for-sale financial assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value and changes therein, other than impairment losses (see note 3(i), and foreign exchange gains and losses on available-forsale monetary items, are recognised directly in other comprehensive income. When an investment is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss in other comprehensive income is transferred to the profit and loss.
Other: Other non-derivative financial instruments are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. Investments in equity securities that are not quoted on a stock exchange and where fair value cannot be estimated on a reasonable basis by other means are stated at cost less impairment losses.
Derivative financial instruments
The Group from time to time buys derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency risk. All derivatives are recognised on the balance sheet at fair value. The derivates are not designated as hedging instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss.
(f) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted average principle and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work in progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based on normal operating capacity.
(g) Trade and ot her receivables
Trade and other receivables are stated at cost less impairment losses.
(h) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
(i) Impairment
Financial assets
A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence that it is impaired. a financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.
Objective evidence that financial assets (including equity securities) are impaired can include default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy, the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.
The Group considers evidence of impairment for receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant receivables and held-tomaturity investment securities are assessed for specific impairment.
All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet identified. Receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities with similar risk characteristics.
In assessing collective impairment the Group uses historical trends of the probability of default, timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgement as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by historical trends.
An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount, and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account against receivables. Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised through the unwinding of the discount. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.
Impairment losses on available-for-sale investment securities are recognised by transferring the cumulative loss that has been recognised in other comprehensive income, and presented in the fair value reserve in equity, to profit or loss. The cumulative loss that is removed from other comprehensive income and recognised in profit or loss is the difference between the acquisition cost, net of any principal repayment and amortisation, and the current fair value, less any impairment loss previously recognised in profit or loss. Changes in impairment provisions attributable to time value are reflected as a component of interest income.
If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of an impaired available-forsale debt security increases and the increase can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in profit or loss, then the impairment loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognised in profit or loss. However, any subsequent recovery in the fair value of an impaired available-for-sale equity security is recognised in other comprehensive income.
Non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the profit and loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units, if any, and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. an impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
(j) Share capital
(i) Preference share capital
Preference share capital, which is non-redeemable and noncumulative, is classified as equity.
(ii) Repurchase of share capital
When share capital recognised as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, is deducted from equity.
(iii) Dividends
Dividends are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are declared.
(k) Loans and borro wings
Loans and borrowings are recognised initially at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and borrowings are stated at amortised cost with any difference between initial value and redemption value being recognised in the profit and loss over the period of the borrowings on an effective interest basis.
(l) Employee benefits
(i) Pension plans
The Group’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit postemployment plans, including pension plans, is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any plan assets, if any, is deducted. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on government bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations. The calculation is performed using the projected unit credit method. When the benefits of a plan are improved, the portion of the increased benefit relating to past service by employees is recognised as an expense in the profit and loss on a straight line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent the benefits vest immediately, the expense is recognised immediately in the profit and loss.
All actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full as they arise in other comprehensive income.
(ii) Long-term service benefits other than pensions
The Group’s net obligation in respect of long-term service benefits, other than pension plans, is the amount of future benefits that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. The obligation is calculated using the projected unit credit method and is discounted to its present value and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on government bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations. All actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full as they arise in other comprehensive income.
(iii) State pension fund
The Group makes contributions for the benefit of employees to Russia’s State pension fund. The contributions are expensed as incurred.
(m) Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.
(n) Trade and ot her payables
Trade and other payables are stated at amortised cost.
(o) Income tax
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, deferred tax is not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.
A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
(p) Revenues
Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, and there is no continuing management involvement with the goods.
Transfers of risks and rewards vary depending on the individual terms of the contract of sale. Transfer may occur when the product is dispatched from the Group companies’ warehouses (mainly for domestic dispatches) or upon loading the goods onto the relevant carrier (mainly for export).
Where the Group acts in the capacity of an agent rather than as the principal in a transaction, the revenue recognised is the net amount of commission earned by the Group.
Revenue from services rendered is recognised in the profit and loss in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. The stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys of work performed.
(q) Finance income and costs
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including available-for-sale financial assets), dividend income, gains on the disposal of available-for-sale financial assets and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and foreign currency gains. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised in profit or loss on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established.
Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, foreign currency losses, changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and impairment losses recognised on financial assets. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method. Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.
(r) Other expenses
(i) Operating leases
Payments made under operating leases are recognised in the profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognised in the profit and loss as an integral part of the total lease payments made.
(ii) Social expenditure
To the extent that the Group’s contributions to social programs benefit the community at large and are not restricted to the Group’s employees, they are recognised in the profit and loss as incurred.
(s) Earnings per share
The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held.
If the number of ordinary shares outstanding increases/(decreases) as a result of a share split/(reverse share split), the calculation of the EPS for all periods presented is adjusted retrospectively.
Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which comprise convertible notes and share options granted to employees.
(t) Segment reporting
An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Group’s other components. All operating segments’ operating results are reviewed regularly by the CEO to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.
Segment results that are reported to the CEO include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items comprise mainly corporate assets, related head office expenses and Group’s associates.
Segment capital expenditure is the total cost incurred during the year to acquire property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets other than goodwill.
(u) New Standards and Interpretations not yet adopted
A number of new Standards, amendments to Standards and Interpretations are not yet effective as at 31 December 2012, and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements. Of these pronouncements, potentially the following will have an impact on the Group’s operations. The Group plans to adopt these pronouncements when they become effective.
- IAS 19 (2011) Employee Benefits. The amended standard will introduce a number of significant changes to IAS 19. First, the corridor method is removed and, therefore, all changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation and in the fair value of plan assets will be recognised immediately as they occur. Secondly, the amendment will eliminate the current ability for entities to recognise all changes in the defined benefit obligation and in plan assets in profit or loss. Thirdly, the expected return on plan assets recognised in profit or loss will be calculated based on the rate used to discount the defined benefit obligation. The amended standard shall be applied for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 and early adoption is permitted. The amendment generally applies retrospectively.
- IAS 28 (2011) Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures combines the requirements in IAS 28 (2008) and IAS 31 that were carried forward but not incorporated into IFRS 11 and IFRS 12. The amended standard will become effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 with retrospective application required. Early adoption of IAS 28 (2011) is permitted provided the entity also early-adopts IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IFRS 12 and IAS 27 (2011).
- Amendments to IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, specify that an entity currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off if that right is not contingent on a future event; and enforceable both in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all counterparties. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014, and are to be applied retrospectively.
- IFRS 7 Disclosures of offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, would provide users with information that is useful in evaluating the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements on an entity’s financial position.
- IFRS 9 Financial Instruments will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015. The new standard is to be issued in phases and is intended ultimately to replace International Financial Reporting Standard IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The first phase of IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and relates to the classification and measurement of financial assets. The second phase regarding classification and measurement of financial liabilities was published in October 2010. The remaining parts of the standard are expected to be issued during 2013. The Group recognises that the new standard introduces many changes to the accounting for financial instruments and is likely to have a significant impact on Group’s consolidated financial statements. The impact of these changes will be analysed during the course of the project as further phases of the standard are issued. The Group does not intend to adopt this standard early. The Standard has not yet been endorsed in the Russian Federation.
- IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The new standard supersedes IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC-12 Consolidation — Special Purpose Entities. IFRS 10 introduces a single control model which includes entities that are currently within the scope of SIC-12 Consolidation — Special Purpose Entities. Under the new three-step control model, an investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with that investee, has the ability to affect those returns through its power over that investee and there is a link between power and returns. Consolidation procedures are carried forward from IAS 27 (2008). When the adoption of IFRS 10 does not result a change in the previous consolidation or non-consolidation of an investee, no adjustments to accounting are required on initial application. When the adoption results a change in the consolidation or non-consolidation of an investee, the new standard may be adopted with either full retrospective application from date that control was obtained or lost or, if not practicable, with limited retrospective application from the beginning of the earliest period for which the application is practicable, which may be the current period. Early adoption of IFRS 10 is permitted provided an entity also early-adopts IFRS 11, IFRS 12, IAS 27 (2011) and IAS 28 (2011).
- IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The new standard contains disclosure requirements for entities that have interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated structured entities. Interests are widely defined as contractual and non-contractual involvement that exposes an entity to variability of returns from the performance of the other entity. The expanded and new disclosure requirements aim to provide information to enable the users to evaluate the nature of risks associated with an entity’s interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on the entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. Entities may early present some of the IFRS 12 disclosures early without a need to early-adopt the other new and amended standards. However, if IFRS 12 is early-adopted in full, then IFRS 10, IFRS 11, IAS 27 (2011) and IAS 28 (2011) must also be early-adopted.
- IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The new standard replaces the fair value measurement guidance contained in individual IFRSs with a single source of fair value measurement guidance. It provides a revised definition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and sets out disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not introduce new requirements to measure assets or liabilities at fair value, nor does it eliminate the practicability exceptions to fair value measurement that currently exist in certain standards. The standard is applied prospectively with early adoption permitted. Comparative disclosure information is not required for periods before the date of initial application.
- Amendment to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income. The amendment requires that an entity present separately items of other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to profit or loss in the future from those that will never be reclassified to profit or loss. Additionally, the amendment changes the title of the statement of comprehensive income to statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. However, the use of other titles is permitted. The amendment shall be applied retrospectively from 1 July 2012 and early adoption is permitted.
- IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 and provides guidance for entities with post-development phase surface mining activities. Under the interpretation, production stripping costs that provide access to ore to be mined in the future are capitalized as non-current assets if the component of the ore body for which access has been improved can be identified, future benefits arising from the improved access are probable and the costs related to the stripping activity associated with the component of the ore body are reliably measurable. The interpretation also addresses how capitalized stripping costs should be depreciated and how capitalized amounts should be allocated between inventory and the stripping activity asset.
Various Improvements to IFRSs have been dealt with on a standardby- standard basis. All amendments, which result in accounting changes for presentation, recognition or measurement purposes, will come into effect for future annual periods. The Group has not yet analysed the likely impact of the improvements on its financial position or performance.